Pension Funds
Liability-Driven Investing (LDI), Explained
LDI matches pension assets to pension promises. How it works, why leveraged versions broke in the UK in 2022, and what allocators learned.
Universal Asset Owners
Briefings, research, charts and analysis on the institutions, capital flows and systemic risks shaping long-horizon portfolios.
Institutional Investing
The Endowment Model (Yale Model), Explained
Pioneered at Yale, the endowment model trades liquidity for higher long-run returns through private equity, venture and real assets. How it works and where it strains.
Sovereign Wealth Funds
The Norwegian Model of Investing, Explained
Low cost, broad diversification, near-index public-market exposure and active ownership: how Norway's sovereign fund became a template for long-horizon investing.
Pension Funds
The World's Largest Pension Funds
Who the biggest pension funds are, how much they manage, and why pension capital is concentrating into a handful of giants.
Sovereign Wealth Funds
Sovereign Wealth Fund vs Pension Fund: Key Differences
Both are giant long-horizon investors, but they answer to different owners and different liabilities. How sovereign wealth funds and pension funds actually differ.