Oman Investment Authority

UAO Registry · Top 100 · Rank 83 · Sovereign Wealth Fund · Oman · Last researched Friday 11 September 2026 (America/Toronto). Corrections: info@universalassetowners.com.

• Executive brief
• Speakable summary
• Mandate & ownership
• Disambiguation
• Scale & portfolio
• Governance & leadership
• Investment philosophy & three portfolios
• National Development Fund
• Future Generations Fund
• Future Fund Oman
• Climate / ESG / exclusions
• Risk management
• Performance & reporting
• Divestment & SOE transformation
• Economic diplomacy
• IFSWF / Santiago Principles
• Controversies & debates
• Timeline
• Annex: Annual Report 2025 folds
• Annex: Annual Report 2024 folds
• Annex: Chairman foreword
• Annex: President foreword
• Annex: 2025 key highlights
• Annex: Ministry of Finance 19 May 2026 release
• Annex: Royal Decrees 61/2020 & 62/2020
• Annex: ESG Guidelines PDF
• Annex: Exclusion & Engagement PDF
• Annex: Sustainability Report Jan 2026
• Annex: SWF peers
• Annex: Deliberate omissions
• Annex: Outbound checklist
• Annex: Editorial locks
• FAQ
• Sources
• Completeness

Executive brief

The Oman Investment Authority (OIA) is the Sultanate of Oman’s sovereign wealth fund and investment arm. It was established on 4 June 2020 by Royal Decree 61/2020, with implementing regulations in Royal Decree 57/2021. Official site: oia.gov.om.

Prefer dated official OMR from the Annual Report and Ministry of Finance releases — and cite OIA-published USD only with as-of dates. At year-end 2025, total assets were approximately OMR 23 billion (Key Highlights print OMR 22.922 billion after growth of more than OMR 2.497 billion). Profits were approximately OMR 2.9 billion with ROI 14.6%. OIA’s Press Office also published approximately USD 60 billion assets and approximately USD 7.8 billion profits for 2025 (18 May 2026), and USD 53 billion assets with USD 4.12 billion net profit for 2024 (2 July 2025). Do not invent FX or promote the prior thin Explained article’s invented “over $100 billion”.

Leadership verified on the official Leadership page: President Abdulsalam Al-Murshidi; Board Chairman Sultan bin Salem Al Habsi (Minister of Finance). Deputy President for Investments HE Mulham Basheer Al Jarf; Deputy President for Operations Muneer bin Ali Al Muneeri. CIO Instantiations seat empty — do not invent a CIO title for the Deputy President for Investments.

Researchers comparing Gulf and commodity SWF peers such as ADIA, Mubadala, Emirates Investment Authority, Public Investment Fund (Saudi Arabia), Qatar Investment Authority, Kuwait Investment Authority, Libyan Investment Authority, SOFAZ, NBIM, GIC, CIC or Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation should treat OIA as a dual domestic-development and external-savings platform under Oman Vision 2040 — not as an unrestricted global equity allocator alone.

Related UAO hubs: Registry · Top 100 · Careers Intelligence. Official site: oia.gov.om.

Mandate & ownership

Royal Decree 61/2020 establishes OIA with independent legal status, financial and administrative independence, and subordination to the Council of Ministers. Royal Decree 57/2021 Article 5 defines five objectives (IFSWF OIA 2025 / Decree materials): manage, develop and invest Sultanate money and assets for financial returns; create financial reserves; contribute revenues necessary to supplement the general budget and overall financial sustainability; contribute to government policies for targeted economic sectors; and enhance the investment environment while attracting investment to Oman.

• Legal form: State investment Authority / sovereign wealth fund under Royal Decree 61/2020.
• Owner / accountability: Council of Ministers oversight; Board of Directors appointed by Royal Order; Board chaired by the Minister of Finance.
• What it is: Unified sovereign investor spanning domestic SOEs (National Development Fund), external markets (Future Generations Fund), and a domestic catalyst vehicle (Future Fund Oman).
• What it is not: OQ / Asyad as operating companies; the Central Bank of Oman; a private pension plan.
• Funding / withdrawals: IFSWF assessment cites Royal Decree 57/2021 Article 14 sources (budget allocations, fiscal-year surplus, investment returns, and assets His Majesty allocates) and National Budget Royal Decrees for withdrawals.

Source: Royal Decree 61/2020 PDF; IFSWF Santiago Principles Self-Assessment OIA 2025; oia.gov.om About / Leadership.

Disambiguation

OIA ≠ OQ ≠ Asyad ≠ Central Bank of Oman ≠ invented “$100 bn+” Instantiations/explainer figures. Soft researcher strings: OIA, Oman Investment Authority, جهاز الاستثمار العُماني. Do not confuse OIA with individual portfolio companies that appear in IPO/divestment headlines, or with other Gulf SWFs such as ADIA, Mubadala, EIA, PIF, QIA or KIA.

Scale & portfolio

Currency discipline: headline OMR as published with as-of dates. Cite OIA Press Office USD only when OIA itself publishes USD, with the release date. Do not invent Instantiations FX.

Geography (2025 official wording)

Governance & leadership

CIO: Instantiations seat empty. Do not invent. The Leadership page names a Deputy President for Investments (HE Mulham Basheer Al Jarf) — that is not labelled “Chief Investment Officer” on the opened roster. Keep Instantiations cio/ciot blank.

Board membership terms (IFSWF OIA 2025): four years, renewable; Board includes ministers, undersecretaries, and an independent international member. Executive management implements Board-approved strategy under Royal Decree 57/2021 Article 11.

Investment philosophy & three portfolios

OIA invests through three official verticals described consistently in the Annual Report, Ministry of Finance results, and OIA Press Office releases: the National Development Fund (domestic), the Future Generations Fund (external), and Future Fund Oman (OMR 2 billion catalyst launched 17 January 2024). Investment policy, risk appetite, and allocation thresholds are Board-approved and referenced in the IFSWF 2025 self-assessment; a high-level investment strategy is published on oia.gov.om.

IFSWF wording emphasises risk-adjusted returns consistent with Royal Decree 57/2021 objectives; commercial decision-making; limits on external manager allocations requiring Board approval for changes; and a three-lines-of-defence model (investment teams; Governance, Risk & Compliance; Internal Audit).

National Development Fund

The domestic National Development Fund manages OIA investments in state-owned companies and Vision 2040 projects. Ministry of Finance 2025 results: portfolio assets around OMR 13.09 billion; profits OMR 1.8 billion; return 15.87%. AR President foreword cites approximately OMR 13.1 billion and profits of OMR 1.81 billion. Capital investment expenditure through the portfolio is cited around OMR 2.3–2.4 billion in 2025 materials.

National Development Fund 34 Future Fund Oman 38 Strategic Joint Ventures 44 Economic Diplomacy 54 Realising the National Agenda 58 Human Resources 66 7 Royal Decrees About OIA Oman Investment Authority (OIA) is the investment arm of the Sultanate of Oman. 4th of June, 2020 It is mandated with managing, investing, Royal Decree No.

61/2020, establishing Oman and growing Oman’s assets locally and Investment Authority (OIA). OIA investment portfolios are geographically diverse, with investments in every continent, which cover a wide range of sectors, including food, energy, logistics, communication and information 18th of August, 2021 Royal Decree No.

57/2021, promulgating the technology (CIT), public services, financial System of Oman Investment Authority (OIA). and investment services, food safety, tourism, mining, manufacturing, and aviation. OIA plays a key role in driving sustainable economic development and achieving Oman’s vision of becoming an attractive investment destination.

8 Our Objectives Manage, grow, and invest Generate Play an instrumental role the Sultanate of Oman’s financial reserves in executing the government’s funds and assets to generate and savings. policies and strategies toward maximum returns. advancing targeted economic sectors. Contribute towards Enhance generating the revenue required the investment landscape and for the state’s general budget and attract investments to the achieve financial sustainability.

Our Values Excellence Aspiration Demonstrate initiative, proficiency, A sense of responsibility to work and steadiness and maintaining with diligence and commitment good relations with colleagues and to achieve the goals of OIA. Integrity Passion Execute tasks in an optimal A sense of vitality and enthusiasm manner, uphold integrity, honesty when executing tasks and the and trustworthiness with everyone continuation of striving for self- to earn their trust.

9 OIA Chairman’s Foreword Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has maintained a steady growth throughout 2025, marking significant progress across several key benchmarks. Most notably, its total assets expanded by OMR 2.5 billion to reach approximately OMR 23 billion, a testament to its robust performance and capacity for generating sustainable yields.

This success is reflected in the Omani economy’s resilient growth and enhanced economic diversification, further bolstered by investments in promising sectors both within the Sultanate of Oman and internationally. OIA has also achieved a distinguished global milestone, being ranked among the world’s premier sovereign wealth funds.

It secured the third position globally for its governance, sustainability, and transparency practices, achieving an impressive score of 92% in 202 Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion | fm.gov.om E-services Open data Home Ministry Policy Trade About Oman News Citizens Visitors Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion 19 May 2026 The Oman Investment Authority announced its financial results for 2025, recording exceptional performance that reflects the efficiency of its investment strategies and the strength of its asset management.

The Authority achieved historic profits of OMR 2.9 billion, while the return on investment for 2025 reached 14.6 per cent. The average return on investment over five years reached 10.4 per cent, earning the Oman Investment Authority third place globally among sovereign wealth funds, according to a report issued by SWF Global.

The achievement reflects sustainable growth and market confidence in the Authority’s performance. The Authority also ranked first globally in returns on public market investments during 2025 compared to sovereign wealth funds worldwide. In terms of the key performance indicators for 2025, the Authority continued to achieve notable growth across various metrics.

Total assets reached around OMR 23 billion, while annual performance indicators exceeded approved targets by 105 per cent during 2025. The Authority also contributed OMR 800 million to the State’s general budget, with half allocated to the Future Fund Oman. In addition, it injected capital investments worth OMR 2.4 billion into local projects, contributing to economic growth and stimulating vital sectors.

As part of human capital development efforts, the Oman Investment Authority and its subsidiaries continued strengthening employment opportunities and empowering national talent. The Authority employed 438 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 91 per cent, while subsidiary companies employed more than 41,000 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 79.4 per cent.

During 2025, a total of 1,146 jobs were created, surpassing the annual target of 800 jobs. The Authority also directed OMR 287 million in spending towards small and medium enterprises in support of local content. Sultan bin Salem Al Habsi, Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Oman Investment Authority, said the Authority continued in 2025 to support the national economy efficiently and sustainably.

It also continued supporting economic diversification goals and strengthening partnerships with the private sector through the Future Fund Oman and its associated strategic projects. He added that the Authority worked to regulate the performance of subsidiary companies to improve efficiency, achieve a balance between economic and strategic objectives and adopt best practices in human and financial resource management, thereby strengthening the Authority’s ability to contribute effectively to the objectives of Oman Vision 2040.

Abdulsalam bin Mohammed Al Murshidi, President of the Oman Investment Authority, said the exceptional achievements recorded in 2025 confirm the institutional excellence of the Authority and its companies, the competence of national talent and their tangible role in consolidating a path of outstanding performance and integration with national priorities.

He noted that the Authority and its subsidiaries continue to move forward with increasing momentum to maximise investment returns in support of economic development, national goals and building a future for coming generations. As part of its balanced growth approach, the Authority continued diversifying its investments geographically and sectorally.

Its investments are distributed across 52 countries worldwide, enhancing its ability to manage risks and maximise returns. The Sultanate of Oman accounts for nearly two thirds of the Authority’s investments, while North America represents 19 per cent, Europe 9 per cent, Asia and Pacific Rim markets 4 per cent and the rest of the world 7 per cent.

As an executive arm of Omani economic diplomacy, the Oman Investment Authority worked during the year with several relevant entities, most notably the Foreign Ministry, to help attract foreign investments into local sectors and support the objectives of Oman Vision 2040. This included participation in the overseas visits of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, including the visit to the Netherlands, which saw the signing of three strategic agreements, most notably a joint development agreement among 11 leading companies, including an agreement to develop storage facilities and infrastructure in the Duqm area.

Source fold: AR 2025 National Development Fund / FM.gov.om 19 May 2026. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Future Generations Fund

The Future Generations Fund is OIA’s external portfolio — described as a financial safeguard investing in diversified global assets for future generations. YE2025 value about OMR 8.57–8.6 billion (from OMR 7.535 billion in 2024) with profits about OMR 1.041 billion. Public-market sleeve language in official releases claims first place among SWFs for public-market returns in 2025 (attribute to OIA/FM wording citing SWF Global).

The Future Generations Fund is a financial safeguard for the future, as it invests in diversified global assets to ensure the sustainability of national wealth and spread risk across both long- and short-term investments that benefit future generations of Oman.It comprises OIA’s investments outside Oman and is primarily aimed at achieving sustainable financial returns while managing associated risks through diversification.

The Future Generations Fund continued to implement Annual Return: The Fund achieved a total return of its strategy of revenue diversification through 6.6% for the year 2025. investments in new external funds across multiple Cumulative Performance: The Fund recorded an sectors via the public markets team, in addition to average return of 6.85% over the past five years, entering new direct investments through the private exceeding the target benchmark of 5% by 1.85%, markets team.

thereby confirming the operational outperformance Fund Size: The Fund reached OMR 8.6 billion as of the against the established plans. end of 2025, achieving sustained growth in total asset 13.9% 8.6 value. Billion Omani Rials 2025 total return Fund Value by End of 2025 The Future Generations Fund is divided into 1.

Public Markets (Flexible, High-Liquidity Investments) These investments are allocated to securities and tradable instruments in global stock exchanges to ensure 2. Private Markets (Strategic, Long-Term Growth Investments) These consist of non-tradable assets aimed at achiev- ing strategic growth through direct participation in liquidity availability when required.

Investments include: major projects. They include: • Global and local equities and bonds. • Multi-asset funds and short-term assets. 17 • Investments with international asset managers • Specialised investment funds. Constituted a core pillar of the portfolio diversification strategy and return enhancement efforts.

new investment funds 28 As this approach continues, the Future Generations Fund further reinforces the diversification of its revenue streams and strengthens its investment presence across global markets. 29 Key Investments (Investment Funds) A European investment fund headquartered in London, Its strategy focuses on .1 acquiring companies operating in the food, consumer goods, healthcare, and essential services sectors.

An Indian investment fund backed by the Motilal Oswal Financial Services Group. The fund targets medium-sized companies operating in the financial .2 services, healthcare, manufacturing, and technology sectors. An independent Europe-based company specialising in the management of medium-sized infrastructure funds.

The company targets growth and control .3 opportunities in the digitalisation, transportation, energy, logistics, and industrial sectors. A U.S private equity company targeting high-growth medium-sized companies. The company focuses on structural growth opportunities across multiple 4 sectors and is consistently ranked among the world’s leading private equity companies according to the HEC Paris–Dow Jones rankings.

investment fund headquartered in New York. The fund focuses exclusively on the healthcare sector through the acquisition of healthcare service 5 companies supported by technology-enabled solutions aimed at enhancing operation

Source fold: AR 2025 Future Generations Fund section. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Future Fund Oman

Future Fund Oman launched 17 January 2024 with OMR 2 billion capital to strengthen the Omani private sector, attract foreign capital, and support SMEs and start-ups. Keep project counts attached to their source lines (FM cumulative vs AR Key Highlights vintages).

Officially launched on 17 January 2024, with a capital of OMR 2 billion, the fund aims to strengthen the Omani economy, empowering the private sector, contributing to economic diversification, attracting foreign investment, supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and encouraging investment in start-ups.

10% for SMEs 90% for Direct Local Projects 2 Billion Omani Rials Capital 21 3 OIA ASSET ALLOCATION 22 23 OIA Asset Allocation OIA has focused on diversifying its investments across expertise to the Sultanate of Oman to support the various continents, including Asia, Europe, North sustainability of the national economy.

This approach America, Africa, the Middle East, and others. This also contributes to strengthening Oman’s ability to diversification aims to broaden income sources and obtain foreign currency from international markets reduce investment-related risks, while also strengths through investment return flows, thereby enhancing strategic relations with different countries and financial stability.

facilitates the transfer of global technologies and 24 Geographic Distribution of OIA’s Assets Most OIA’s investments (61), are concentrated in Oman, while foreign investments are distributed across continents led by North America (19), as shown in the following map: 4% 9% Europe Asia and Pacific Rim Countries 19% North America 61% Sultanate of Oman 7% Other Countries 25 4 FUTURE GENERATIONS FUND 26 27 2025 Performance Highlights The Future Generations Fund is a financial safeguard for the future, as it invests in diversified global assets to ensure the sustainability of national wealth and spread risk across both long- and short-term investments that benefit future generations of Oman.It comprises OIA’s investments outside Oman and is primarily aimed at achieving sustainable financial returns while managing associated risks through diversification.

The Future Generations Fund continued to implement Annual Return: The Fund achieved a total return of its strategy of revenue diversification through 6.6% for the year 2025. investments in new external funds across multiple Cumulative Performance: The Fund recorded an sectors via the public markets team, in addition to average return of 6.85% over the past five years, entering new direct investments through the private exceeding the target benchmark of 5% by 1.85%, markets team.

thereby confirming the operational outperformance Fund Size: The Fund reached OMR 8.6 billion as of the against the established plans. end of 2025, achieving sustained growth in total asset 13.9% 8.6 value. Billion Omani Rials 2025 total return Fund Value by End of 2025 The Future Generations Fund is divided into 1.

Public Markets (Flexible, High-Liquidity Investments) These investments are allocated to securities and tradable instruments in global stock exchanges to ensure 2. Private Markets (Strategic, Long-Term Growth Investments) These consist of non-tradable assets aimed at achiev- Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion | fm.gov.om E-services Open data Home Ministry Policy Trade About Oman News Citizens Visitors Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion 19 May 2026 The Oman Investment Authority announced its financial results for 2025, recording exceptional performance that reflects the efficiency of its investment strategies and the strength of its asset management.

The Authority achieved historic profits of OMR 2.9 billion, while the return on investment for 2025 reached 14.6 per cent. The average return on investment over five years reached 10.4 per cent, earning the Oman Investment Authority third place globally among sovereign wealth funds, according to a report issued by SWF Global.

The achievement reflects sustainable growth and market confidence in the Authority’s performance. The Authority also ranked first globally in returns on public market investments during 2025 compared to sovereign wealth funds worldwide. In terms of the key performance indicators for 2025, the Authority continued to achieve notable growth across various metrics.

Total assets reached around OMR 23 billion, while annual performance indicators exceeded approved targets by 105 per cent during 2025. The Authority also contributed OMR 800 million to the State’s general budget, with half allocated to the Future Fund Oman. In addition, it injected capital investments worth OMR 2.4 billion into local projects, contributing to economic growth and stimulating vital sectors.

As part of human capital development efforts, the Oman Investment Authority and its subsidiaries continued strengthening employment opportunities and empowering national talent. The Authority employed 438 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 91 per cent, while subsidiary companies employed more than 41,000 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 79.4 per cent.

During 2025, a total of 1,146 jobs were created, surpassing the annual target of 800 jobs. The Authority also directed OMR 287 million in spending towards small and medium enterprises in support of local content. Sultan bin Salem Al Habsi, Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Oman Investment Authority, said the Authority continued in 2025 to support the national economy efficiently and sustainably.

It also continued supporting economic diversification goals and strengthening partnerships with the private sector through the Future Fund Oman and its associated strategic projects. He added that the Authority worked to regulate the performance of subsidiary companies to improve efficiency, achieve a balance between economic and strategic objectives and adopt best practices in human and financial resource management, thereby strengthening the Authority’s ability to contribute effectively to the objectives of Oman Vision 2040.

Abdulsalam bin Mohammed Al Murshidi, President of the Oman Investment Authority, said the exceptional achievements recorded in 2025 confirm the institutional excellence of the Authority and its companies, the competence of national talent and their tangible role in consolidating a path of outstanding performance and integration with national priorities.

Source fold: AR 2025 Future Fund Oman + FM.gov.om. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Climate / ESG / exclusions

Opened official PDFs: Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework; ESG Guidelines for OIA Entities; Green Financing Framework; Sustainability Report (First Edition – Jan 2026). Attribute ESG/climate claims only to these primaries and AR sustainability language — do not invent net-zero dates or exclusion lists not printed there.

Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework 1 | Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework Overview of the OIA Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy & Framework Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has established a comprehensive Investment Policy that provides a clear framework for managing its assets.

This policy aligns with our core objectives of transparency, risk management, and stakeholder engagement. It undergoes regular reviews by the Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) department to ensure adaptability to evolving internal and external environments. Key Highlights: Purpose and Responsibilities: Defines the objectives of the investment policy, including establishing guidelines, promoting transparency, ensuring compliance, and delineating roles for approval and oversight by the Board of Directors and the Investment Committee.

Fund Objectives & Structure: o Future Generations Fund: Focuses on maximizing long-term returns for Oman's future, with a strategic allocation across public and private assets. o National Development Fund: Supports Oman's economic sectors, fosters a conducive investment environment, and promotes sustainable growth.

o Future Fund Oman: Aims to diversify and develop Oman's economy by investing in projects, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and employment initiatives. Asset Class Classifications: o Public Market Assets: Tradable securities such as equities, bonds, multi-asset portfolios, and short-term instruments.

o Private Market Assets: Illiquid investments, including private equity, real estate, and co-investments. 2 | Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework Asset Class Definitions: o Equities: Listed on recognized exchanges, including common and preferred shares, IPOs, ETFs, and derivatives.

o Bonds: Sovereign, corporate, emerging markets, and securitized debt in various currencies. o Private Equity & Real Estate: Direct investments or funds focusing on diversified strategies, value-add opportunities, and disciplined risk management. Investment Guidelines: o Public Markets: Managed actively with controls on derivatives, currency exposure, and risk mitigation.

o Private Markets: Emphasize experienced managers, diversification, and adherence to industry standards. o Real Estate: Prioritize prime locations, risk management, and portfolio diversification. Asset Allocation & Diversification: Strategic allocation aims for balanced risk and return with a long-term perspective.

Diversification across sectors, geographies, and asset types is essential to achieving optimal risk-adjusted returns. Risk Management: Continuous monitoring of asset allocations and risk parameters. Currency & Hedging Strategy: Currency exposure is managed through hedging strategies, primarily focusing on G10 currencies.

The Public Market Department oversees currency risk, with strategies approved by the Investment Committee. Operational & Oversight Framework: Selection of financial institutions, custodians, and service providers adheres to strict criteria, including reputation, financial strength, and compliance.

Management agreements clearly define duties, fees, and reporting obligations. 3 | Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework Overview of the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Guidelines for OIA Entities 1 | Overview of OIA’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Guidelines Towards Responsible Investment: OIA’s ESG Overview 1.

ESG Risk Management and Strategic Foundation The Oman Investment Authority (OIA) recognizes Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations as vital to safeguarding Oman’s national wealth and promoting long-term sustainable growth. The ESG Guidelines developed by OIA set out a structured framework that mandates all entities to embed ESG into their core operations.

These guidelines align with Oman Vision 2040 and support the national objective of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. OIA addresses ESG risks through systematic processes that require entities to assess environmental, social, and governance risks periodically. This includes climate-induced risks, social impacts on vulnerable communities, and governance failures such as ethical breaches and non-compliance.

Entities are required to maintain risk registers, mitigation plans, and escalate incidents to OIA for review and accountability. ESG Governance and Stewardship OIA has established a robust ESG governance structure based on global best practices. Each entity is required to form ESG Committees and integrate ESG responsibilities within executive and board-level roles.

The ESG strategy and policy (GE1.1, GE1.2) are mandated across all sectors and must be approved by entity boards and aligned with material ESG topics. Internal reporting to OIA is conducted via ESG KPI dashboards and an annual ESG survey, while external reporting is structured per Muscat Stock Exchange ESG Disclosure Guidance and aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

This dual-layered reporting ensures transparency and measurable accountability. 2 | Overview of OIA’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Guidelines 3. Responsible Investing: Exclusion and Engagement Entities under OIA’s ESG framework are guided by principles of ethical conduct and stakeholder inclusivity.

All companies must adopt codes of conduct, whistleblower mechanisms, and anti- corruption policies (G1.1 to G1.5). Entities are expected to conduct materiality assessments (GE2.2), identify ESG-sensitive sectors, and engage internal and external stakeholders to manage and mitigate ESG risks.

While not explicitly an exclusion list, the ESG framework requires businesses to assess their supply chain and operations for potential risks such as deforestation, unethical labor, and negative socio-economic impact. ESG requirements encourage value-chain engagement to drive clean energy, circular economy, and diversity initiatives.

Climate Commitments and Framework Alignment OIA has committed to national climate targets, including support for Oman’s Net Zero 2050 pledge and green hydrogen transition. Each entity is required to develop climate policies (E2.1), conduct climate risk assessments (E2.2), and set measurable emission reduction targets across Scope 1, 2, and 3 (E2.3 to E2.5).

The ESG Guidelines recommend alignment with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and emerging IFRS S1/S2 sustainability standards. Entities are encouraged to secure third-party assurance (GE3.2) and pursue ESG ratings (GE3.3) to validate their commitment to international benchmarks.

ESG Reporting and Economic Contributions All entities are required to publish an annual ESG or sustainability report (GE3.1) highlighting progress across material areas. These reports include metrics such as GHG emissions, water usage, DEI representation, job creation (S3.2), and customer satisfaction (S3.4).

Source fold: oia.gov.om ESG / Exclusion / Sustainability / Green Financing PDFs. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Risk management

OIA’s Risk Management Framework PDF and IFSWF OIA 2025 describe COSO Enterprise Risk Management and ISO 31000 process alignment, quarterly risk reporting to the Audit and Risk Committee, business continuity governance, and GIPS performance measurement.

Risk Management Framework 1 | Risk Management Framework Overview of OIA's Risk Management Policy and Framework Our comprehensive risk management framework underpins responsible investing and ensures the systematic identification, assessment, and mitigation of potential financial, environmental, social, and governance risks.

This proactive approach safeguards shareholder value and supports resilient investment decision-making. Protecting sensitive information is a fundamental aspect of our governance. Rigorous data security measures are implemented to prevent unauthorized access and maintain confidentiality of proprietary and stakeholder data.

GRC Policy Summary: The Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) Policy establishes a structured approach to governance, risk management, and compliance, aligned with international best practices. The GRC department reports directly to the Deputy President of Operations, facilitating sustainable practices and stakeholder value creation.

Key Components: Governance: Ensures an organized structure with clear responsibilities, transparency, and accountability. Promotes effective corporate governance through regular policy reviews and updates. Risk Management: Implements a robust "Three Lines of Defense" model: o First Line: Risk owners within departments identify and manage risks.

o Second Line: GRC develops frameworks, monitors aggregate risks, and provides guidance. o Third Line: Internal Audit independently evaluates governance effectiveness and controls. This framework encompasses various risk types, including credit, market, operational, reputational, liquidity, concentration, strategic, legislative, interest rate, and IT risks, employing qualitative and quantitative tools such as scenario analysis and stress testing.

2 | Risk Management Framework Risk Appetite & Capital Allocation: Defines the level of risk acceptable to OIA, approved by the Board, guiding asset allocations among the Future Generation Fund, National Development Fund, and Future Fund Oman. Policy Integration: The GRC Policy complements the Investment Policy by emphasizing organization-wide risk identification, assessment, and mitigation.

Implementation & Monitoring: An annual strategic plan guides GRC activities, with regular reporting, including quarterly risk dashboards, stress tests, and performance evaluations to senior management and the Board. Compliance: Ensures adherence to legal and regulatory requirements through ongoing monitoring, training, and audits, preserving integrity and mitigating legal risks.

Roles & Responsibilities: Clear oversight roles are assigned to the Board, Audit & Risk Committee, President, Chief of GRC, and Internal Audit, fostering effective governance and risk oversight. This framework cultivates a culture of integrity, accountability, and proactive risk management, aligning with OIA's strategic objectives and sustainability commitments.

3 | Risk Management Framework OIA 2025 | IFSWF Skip to main content Filter Your Search Article Event Fund Profile Basic page Self Assessment Search Again × Santiago Principles Self-Assessment® Oman Investment Authority OIA 2025 - Select Another Year - 2016 2019 2021 2022 Fund Details Fund Website Search Assessments PDF version Pillar 1: Legal Legal framework,objectives,and coordination with macroeconomic policies Principle 1 1.

The legal framework for the SWF should be sound and support its effective operation and the achievement of its stated objective(s). The legal framework for the SWF should ensure legal soundness of the SWF and its transactions. The key features of the SWF’s legal basis and structure, as well as the legal relationship between the SWF and other state bodies, should be publicly disclosed.

The Royal Decree 61/2020 defines OIA's legal status. This Decree gives OIA financial and administrative independence, and states that OIA is subordinate to the Council of Ministers. OIA was formed pursuant to the Royal Decree 61/2020 and has independent legal status. OIA holds assets in its own name, and this legal status is stated clearly in the Royal Decree.

The Royal Decree 61/2020 is a public document and is publicly available. Royal Decree 57/2021 states the implementing regulations for OIA (as stated in Article III of the Royal Decree 61/2020). This provides further clarity on OIA's purpose and mandate to the public and other stakeholders.

The policy purpose of the SWF should be clearly defined and publicly disclosed. Royal Decree 57/2021 Article 5 defines five objectives for the Authority. These can be summarized as: Managing, developing, and investing the money and assets of the Sultanate to achieve financial returns.

Creating financial reserves Contribute to providing the revenues necessary to supplement the general budget and achieve overall financial sustainability. Contribute to the implementation of government policies and strategies related to the advancement of the targeted economic sectors.

Enhancing the investment environment and attracting investment to the Sultanate. Where the SWF’s activities have significant direct domestic macroeconomic implications, those activities should be closely coordinated with the domestic fiscal and monetary authorities, so as to ensure consistency with the overall macroeconomic policies.

OIA coordinates with the domestic fiscal and monetary authorities through official representation in various committees such as the liquidity, risk and financial stability, committees at the Central Bank of Oman as well as other Ministry of Finance committees such as the Debt Management committee.

Source fold: Risk Management Framework PDF + IFSWF OIA 2025. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Performance & reporting

Transparency stack: Annual Reports (EN/AR) on oia.gov.om Media Library; Ministry of Finance result releases; OIA Press Office wires; IFSWF Santiago self-assessment; IFRS financial statements audited by Big Four firms (IFSWF); GIPS performance reporting (IFSWF). FY2025: ~OMR 2.9 bn profits; 14.6% ROI; ~OMR 23 bn assets; OMR 800 mn budget contribution; ~OMR 2.4 bn local project capital injections; Omanisation 91% at the Authority and 79.4% across subsidiaries (FM).

FY2024 (OIA PR / Observer): USD 53 bn assets; USD 4.12 bn net profit; OMR 20.425 bn assets; OMR 800 mn budget contribution; six divestments; Future Fund Oman committed USD 865 mn in the USD-framed PR narrative.

Divestment & SOE transformation

OIA’s divestment programme launched in 2022 to recycle capital, maximise returns and attract private capital. By end-2025, official FM wording: 24 completed transactions generating total returns exceeding OMR 2.8 billion; six assets divested in 2025 alone (target five). Named 2025 examples in FM release include IPO of 20% of Asyad Shipping; exits/partial exits involving Omani Towers Company, Sohar Sulphur Fertiliser, Oman Flour Mills / Oman Food Investment Holding, Asyad Container Terminal, and Shuwaymiyah quarry/port partnership stakes. AR/PR also emphasise SOE profitability turnarounds after 2020 ownership consolidation and subsidiary deleveraging (AR cites ~OMR 912 million principal repaid in the 2025 President foreword framing).

Economic diplomacy

FM 19 May 2026 release details OIA’s role alongside the Foreign Ministry in His Majesty’s overseas visits (Netherlands, Algeria, Russia, Spain, Belarus) and presidential visits (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Mongolia, Hong Kong), with named MoUs spanning green methanol, LNG, water, pulp, mining, renewables and joint funds. Treat as attributable government wording — not as Instantiations deal-value inventions.

IFSWF / Santiago Principles

OIA is an IFSWF member. The 2025 Santiago Principles Self-Assessment on ifswf.org maps GAPP 1–24 to Royal Decrees 61/2020 and 57/2021, Board/committee governance, IFRS/GIPS reporting, procurement policy, passive listed-equity voting practice below 2% stakes, and annual GAPP implementation review by Governance, Risk & Compliance.

OIA 2025 | IFSWF Skip to main content Filter Your Search Article Event Fund Profile Basic page Self Assessment Search Again × Santiago Principles Self-Assessment® Oman Investment Authority OIA 2025 - Select Another Year - 2016 2019 2021 2022 Fund Details Fund Website Search Assessments PDF version Pillar 1: Legal Legal framework,objectives,and coordination with macroeconomic policies Principle 1 1.

The legal framework for the SWF should be sound and support its effective operation and the achievement of its stated objective(s). The legal framework for the SWF should ensure legal soundness of the SWF and its transactions. The key features of the SWF’s legal basis and structure, as well as the legal relationship between the SWF and other state bodies, should be publicly disclosed.

The Royal Decree 61/2020 defines OIA's legal status. This Decree gives OIA financial and administrative independence, and states that OIA is subordinate to the Council of Ministers. OIA was formed pursuant to the Royal Decree 61/2020 and has independent legal status. OIA holds assets in its own name, and this legal status is stated clearly in the Royal Decree.

The Royal Decree 61/2020 is a public document and is publicly available. Royal Decree 57/2021 states the implementing regulations for OIA (as stated in Article III of the Royal Decree 61/2020). This provides further clarity on OIA's purpose and mandate to the public and other stakeholders.

The policy purpose of the SWF should be clearly defined and publicly disclosed. Royal Decree 57/2021 Article 5 defines five objectives for the Authority. These can be summarized as: Managing, developing, and investing the money and assets of the Sultanate to achieve financial returns.

Creating financial reserves Contribute to providing the revenues necessary to supplement the general budget and achieve overall financial sustainability. Contribute to the implementation of government policies and strategies related to the advancement of the targeted economic sectors.

Enhancing the investment environment and attracting investment to the Sultanate. Where the SWF’s activities have significant direct domestic macroeconomic implications, those activities should be closely coordinated with the domestic fiscal and monetary authorities, so as to ensure consistency with the overall macroeconomic policies.

OIA coordinates with the domestic fiscal and monetary authorities through official representation in various committees such as the liquidity, risk and financial stability, committees at the Central Bank of Oman as well as other Ministry of Finance committees such as the Debt Management committee.

These committees review proposals and discuss macro and financial challenges, proposing solutions and remedies to be voted on by all members to ensure close coordination and alignment with overall objectives to achieve financial and micro stability. There should be clear and publicly disclosed policies, rules, procedures, or arrangements in relation to the SWF’s general approach to funding, withdrawal, and spending operations.

The source of SWF funding should be publicly disclosed. The general approach to withdrawals from the SWF and spending on behalf of the government should be publicly disclosed. Currently, the Oman National Budget and the medium-term fiscal plan specify the government requirements in relation to funding and withdrawals.

The National budget is typically issued via Royal Decree, e.g., No. It is written in Arabic and can be found on Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs Royal Decree 57/2021 specifies how the Authority will operate and defines its purpose. Under Royal Decree 57/2021, Article 14, the source of funding for the Authority can be summarized as follows: The funds allocated to OIA in the state's general budget.

Surplus realized at the end of any fiscal year in the state's general budget. Investment returns of its investments. Funds and other assets that His Majesty the Sultan allocates to the fund. These are also published in the Official Gazette. The withdrawals from OIA are dictated by the government and outlined in the National Budget, which is announced annually via Royal Decree and is available in the public Gazette.

The relevant statistical data pertaining to the SWF should be reported on a timely basis to the owner, or as otherwise required, for inclusion where appropriate in macroeconomic data sets. Royal Decree 57/2021, Article 9.16, states that the Board of Directors approves OIA Audited Financial Statements, Performance, and relevant activities.

Accordingly, OIA’s Management produces quarterly reports and shares them with the Board of Directors, which is chaired by the Minister of Finance and includes the Undersecretary of Ministry of Finance. An annual performance report is also shared with the Council of Ministers. Pillar 2: Institutional Institutional Framework and Governance Structure.

The governance framework for the SWF should be sound and establish a clear and effective division of roles and responsibilities in order to facilitate accountability and operational independence in the management of the SWF to pursue its objectives. Royal Decree 57/2021 sets out that OIA has a Board of Directors and an executive management team, each with distinctive roles.

The Board is appointed by Royal Order. Article 9 of the Royal Decree empowers the Board to establish the new governance structure, investment strategy, operating practices, and administrative and financial regulations. The Board is also responsible for the general oversight of the fund in line with established regulations and systems, as well as drawing up the annual budget.

The Board is also responsible for representing the fund at a governmental and legal level. Under Article 11 of Royal Decree 57/2021, the executive management team has an operational function, putting the strategy approved by the Board into practice. OIA has a Governance, Risk, and Compliance Department and its Corporate Governance Manual is periodically reviewed.

The owner should set the objectives of the SWF, appoint the members of its governing body(ies) in accordance with clearly defined procedures, and exercise oversight over the SWF’s operations. Royal Decree 57/2021, Article 5 defines five objectives for OIA as laid out in GAPP 2. The directors are appointed to the OIA Board of Directors through a Royal Decree and are responsible for exercising oversight over OIA.

The governing body(ies) should act in the best interests of the SWF, and have a clear mandate and adequate authority and competency to carry out its functions. Royal Decree 61/2020 appoints the Board of Directors of OIA. The membership of a Board member shall be four (4) years, renewable for a similar period or periods.

The Board consists of Ministers and Undersecretaries of Oman and an independent member. The members are selected based on competencies, expertise, and relevance to the role. The Board members currently are: Minister of Finance Undersecretary of Oman's Ministry of Finance Minister of Energy and Minerals Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources Independent member from Singapore based on independence criteria and possesses relevant expertise to complement existing directors.

Royal Decree 57/2021 specifies how OIA will operate and defines its purpose. The objectives of OIA are as follows: Managing, developing, and investing the money and assets of the Sultanate to achieve the greatest returns. Creating financial reserves Contribute to providing the revenues necessary to supplement the general budget and achieve overall financial sustainability.

Contribute to the implementation of government policies and strategies related to the advancement of the targeted economic sectors. Enhancing the investment environment and attracting investment to the Sultanate. The Corporate Governance Manual states the written and approved Terms of Reference (Charter) for the Board of Directors, Audit Committee, and various other Management Committees.

Source fold: ifswf.org assessment/oia-2025. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Controversies & debates

Official attributable first: OIA and the Ministry of Finance publish substantial performance, divestment, Omanisation, SME spend, and Vision 2040 capital figures. Concentration in domestic SOEs and hydrocarbons exposure within the National Development Fund is an explicit design feature of the mandate — not a hidden controversy.

Labelled research notes: Secondary press sometimes quotes USD AUM without OMR primaries; prefer OMR headlines and attach OIA PR USD figures to their release dates. The prior UAO thin “Explained” article’s “over $100 billion” figure is not an official OIA print — superseded by OMR ~23 bn / OIA USD ~60 bn YE2025.

Secondary press: Energy-price cycles, privatisation sequencing, and Duqm/Sohar project delivery appear in regional coverage; prefer oia.gov.om Annual Reports and FM releases for dated figures. Do not invent litigation or sanctions narratives not present in opened primaries.

Timeline (annotated official milestones)

• 1980 / 1996 — Prior vehicles referenced in Royal Decree 61/2020 preamble (State General Reserve Fund RD 1/80; related Ministry of Finance competences).
• 4 Jun 2020 — Royal Decree 61/2020 establishes Oman Investment Authority.
• 2020 — Royal Decree 62/2020 appoints a President for OIA (PDF on oia.gov.om).
• 2021 — Royal Decree 57/2021 implementing regulations / five objectives (IFSWF).
• 2022 — Divestment programme launched.
• 17 Jan 2024 — Future Fund Oman launched with OMR 2 billion capital.
• YE 2024 — Assets OMR 20.425 bn / OIA PR USD 53 bn; USD 4.12 bn net profit (OIA PR 2 Jul 2025).
• YE 2025 — Assets ~OMR 23 bn / OIA PR ~USD 60 bn; profits ~OMR 2.9 bn; ROI 14.6% (AR / FM / OIA PR May 2026).
• Jan 2026 — Sustainability Report First Edition published.
• 2025–2026 — IFSWF Santiago Principles Self-Assessment OIA 2025 published on ifswf.org.

Annex: Annual Report 2025 folds

Folded prose from the official English Annual Report 2025 PDF hosted on oia.gov.om / uploads (OIA_Annual_Report_EN_Final). Prefer the PDF for tables and charts; this annex is a text extract for researcher orientation.

Annual Report 2025 1 2 3 ROYAL ADDRESS The development of the investment and commercial environment constitutes a fundamental imperative for advancing the nation’s development agenda. Accordingly, We have directed the Government to introduce further necessary facilitation measures, competitive incentives, and a supportive investment ecosystem that facilitates business practice, thus safeguards the diversification of our national economy, achieves sustainable growth, and generates greater employment opportunities across the various economic and service sectors, while positioning the Sultanate of Oman as an attractive investment destination and a more integrated participant within the global economic system.

To achieve such integration, Our Government has endeavored to establish an extensive network of ports, free zones, special economic zones, and integrated industrial cities, while also supporting innovation and entrepreneurship programmes, as well as national and joint investment funds established in partnership with brotherly and friendly nations.

From the Royal Address of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, May Allah Protect and Preserve Him 11th January 2025 4 5 Content 6 About OIA 08 OIA Chairman’s Foreword 10 OIA President’s Foreword 12 Key Highlights 14 OIA’s Investment Portfolios 18 OIA’s Asset Allocation 22 Future Generations Fund 26 National Development Fund 34 Future Fund Oman 38 Strategic Joint Ventures 44 Economic Diplomacy 54 Realising the National Agenda 58 Human Resources 66 7 Royal Decrees About OIA Oman Investment Authority (OIA) is the investment arm of the Sultanate of Oman.

4th of June, 2020 It is mandated with managing, investing, Royal Decree No. 61/2020, establishing Oman and growing Oman’s assets locally and Investment Authority (OIA). OIA investment portfolios are geographically diverse, with investments in every continent, which cover a wide range of sectors, including food, energy, logistics, communication and information 18th of August, 2021 Royal Decree No.

57/2021, promulgating the technology (CIT), public services, financial System of Oman Investment Authority (OIA). and investment services, food safety, tourism, mining, manufacturing, and aviation. OIA plays a key role in driving sustainable economic development and achieving Oman’s vision of becoming an attractive investment destination.

8 Our Objectives Manage, grow, and invest Generate Play an instrumental role the Sultanate of Oman’s financial reserves in executing the government’s funds and assets to generate and savings. policies and strategies toward maximum returns. advancing targeted economic sectors. Contribute towards Enhance generating the revenue required the investment landscape and for the state’s general budget and attract investments to the achieve financial sustainability.

Our Values Excellence Aspiration Demonstrate initiative, proficiency, A sense of responsibility to work and steadiness and maintaining with diligence and commitment good relations with colleagues and to achieve the goals of OIA. Integrity Passion Execute tasks in an optimal A sense of vitality and enthusiasm manner, uphold integrity, honesty when executing tasks and the and trustworthiness with everyone continuation of striving for self- to earn their trust.

9 OIA Chairman’s Foreword Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has maintained a steady growth throughout 2025, marking significant progress across several key benchmarks. Most notably, its total assets expanded by OMR 2.5 billion to reach approximately OMR 23 billion, a testament to its robust performance and capacity for generating sustainable yields.

This success is reflected in the Omani economy’s resilient growth and enhanced economic diversification, further bolstered by investments in promising sectors both within the Sultanate of Oman and internationally. OIA has also achieved a distinguished global milestone, being ranked among the world’s premier sovereign wealth funds.

It secured the third position globally for its governance, sustainability, and transparency practices, achieving an impressive score of 92% in 2025 as per global (SWF) reports. In alignment with the national agenda, OIA successfully bolstered the state budget with an amount of 800 million Omani Rials of which 400 million Omani Rials were directed to Oman Future Fund exceeding the total value of its contributions during the Tenth Five- Year Plan (2021–2025), which reached 4.4 billion Omani Rials.

Furthermore, OIA has persisted in its drive to attract foreign capital, successfully drawing OMR 1.57 billion in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into local sectors during 2025, while simultaneously injecting capital Sultan Al Habsi investments exceeding OMR 2.37 billion through the National Development Fund.

Minister of Finance Chairman - OIA Board of Directors OIA has remained steadfast in its commitment to portfolio diversification, locally and internationally, to 10 maximise returns and mitigate risk. OIA investment In conclusion, I wish to express my profoundest footprint now extends across more than 50 countries, gratitude to the members of the Board of Directors, with the Sultanate of Oman accounting for 61% of the executive management, and the entire staff of the the allocation, followed by North America at 19%.

Their tireless dedication and The remainder is distributed across Europe, Asia, the unwavering loyalty have been pivotal in securing these Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. We reaffirm our resolve to forge ahead with a unified spirit, striving to attain qualitative milestones Driven by the mandate to empower the private sector, that further bolster the Sultanate of Oman’s economic the Future Fund Oman has flourished as a premier and investment prestige on the global stage.

Since its inception, the total committed to this journey of national development, value of approved direct local projects has reached aspiring towards continued progress and enduring approximately OMR 1.68 billion, successfully securing a prosperity under this wise leadership. wealth of high-calibre investment opportunities within key economic diversification sectors.

Furthermore, OIA has continued to advance its divestment strategy through a meticulously planned approach, designed to redeploy capital into new investment horizons. This has resulted in several successful exits from assets and funds, yielding substantial investment returns. Recognising the role of developing supportive regulatory frameworks in achieving national priorities, OIA’s Board of Directors has approved a number of policies aimed at optimising the performance and efficiency of its companies.

These mandates seek to strike a balance between economic and strategic objectives, while championing the adoption of the best practices in human and financial resource management. These achievements would not have come to fruition were it not for the gracious auspices of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tariq, whose visionary directives have been fundamental in consolidating a formidable institutional framework.

Such high-level guidance has fortified OIA’s capacity to contribute effectively towards the objectives of Oman Vision 2040. 11 OIA President’s Foreword Building upon OIA’s pivotal mandate since its inception, OIA has remained steadfast throughout 2025 in its pursuit of optimising returns, fortifying the national economy, and advancing the strategic objectives of the National Agenda.

This period was marked by a stellar performance, culminating in a significant expansion of total assets and the realisation of unprecedented profits totalling approximately OMR 2.9 billion. Moreover, OIA has surpassed the vast majority of its performance benchmarks, most notably the total return on the Future Generations Fund.

OIA’s Investment Portfolios has witnessed substantial expansion throughout 2025, as the value of the National Development Fund climbed to approximately OMR 13.1 billion, yielding total profits of OMR 1.81 billion during the specified period. Furthermore, the Future Generations Fund maintained a stellar performance in 2025, evidenced by an annual return surge to 13.9%.

Concurrently, the five-year average return reached 6.82%, exceeding target thresholds and outstripping the global benchmark by 1.1%. The portfolio underwent a substantial expansion in scale, with its value climbing from OMR 7.535 billion in 2024 to approximately OMR 8.6 billion. Concurrently, OIA has maintained its steadfast commitment to deleveraging OIA Companies debt; approximately OMR 912 million in principal was repaid, of which OMR 88 Abdulsalam Al Murshidi million was proactively settled ahead of its maturity date.

President of the Oman Investment Authority (OIA) 12 Future Fund Oman has demonstrated commendable on Riyada cardholders reached OMR 186.4 million, progress throughout 2025, yielding a solid growth further testifying to OIA’s unwavering commitment rate of 5.9%. The Fund has garnered widespread to championing entrepreneurs and amplifying their acclaim from both local and international investors, contribution to the national economy.

attracting 668 investment proposals across various diversification sectors. This culminated in the approval Within the realm of institutional excellence, OIA has of 147 projects, representing a total capital injection of garnered significant acclaim in prestigious awards and OMR 316.1 million.

Furthermore, in a drive to empower rankings. It was distinguished as one of the premier SMEs and startups, the Fund received 630 applications government entities in institutional excellency, having during the year, resulting in the endorsement of 139 secured two accolades in Continuous Improvement projects with investments totalling OMR 28.5 million.

Moreover, OIA was honoured These ventures span diverse high-growth fields, with the Hadatha Cybersecurity Award, alongside being including specialised manufacturing, clean energy, and crowned with the 2025 Digital Excellence Award in the frontier technologies. In parallel, the Fund has further Government Sector (Second Edition) for the category intensified its cooperation with global investment of Best Institution Achieving Highest Performance in funds, with a dedicated focus on capital attraction, the Digital Transformation for Non-Service Entities.

seamless transfer of expertise, and the optimisation of In-Country Value (ICV). These milestones, realised throughout 2025, bear witness to the exceptional competence of our national Oman Investment Authority has remained steadfast in cadres, the pride of the OIA and its companies.

Their executing its approved Divestment Plan (2024–2028). dedication has been fundamental in solidifying Surpassing its target of 5 assets, OIA has successfully institutional performance and harmonising with completed the divestment of 6 assets in 2025, yielding national directives to fulfil the strategic objectives of highly lucrative investment returns.

we have intensified our efforts in nurturing human capital and broadening employment horizons for This progress has been propelled by the steadfast Omani nationals. OIA facilitated the creation of 1537 guidance of the Board of Directors, to whom we jobs through both direct recruitment and strategic extend our deepest gratitude for the empowerment replacement programmes within OIA and its that underpins our enduring success.

This robust drive elevated the Omanisation profound appreciation to the staff of OIA and its rate to 79.4% by the end of 2025. companies, as well as our esteemed partners across all government entities; their tireless efforts have been OIA further reinforced its role in empowering SMEs instrumental in attaining these landmark national and augmenting local content; directed expenditure achievements.

Source fold: OIA Annual Report 2025 EN PDF. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: Annual Report 2024 folds

Folded prose from the official English Annual Report 2024 PDF (OIA_Annual_report_English_2024). Use for YE2024 comparatives; do not overwrite YE2025 OMR prints.

Annual Report 20 24 oia.gov.om Our nation has achieved positive results and significant accomplishments in social, economic, and financial performance despite global economic challenges that have negatively impacted our economy and national programs. We have carefully designed our plans with well-studied objectives that meet current requirements and aim for sustainable growth through proper resource management.

From the speech of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tarik at the opening of the First Annual Session of the Eighth Term of the Oman Council, November 14, 2024. Content About OIA 4 Chairman’s Message 7 President’s Foreward 9 2024 At a Glance 11 OIA’s Investment Portfolio 14 OIA’s Asset Allocation 16 Future Generations Fund 20 National Development Fund 25 Future Fund Oman 27 OIA Holding Companies Highlights 32 Listed Companies 54 Private Equity Companies 56 Strategic Joint Ventures 63 Realizing the National Agenda 68 Human Resources 73 2024 Annual Report 4 1 About Oman Investment Authority 2024 Annual Report 5 About OIA Oman Investment Authority (OIA) is the investment arm of the Sultanate of Oman, supervised by the Council of Ministers.

It is mandated with managing, investing, and growing the Sultanate’s assets locally and internationally. Its investment funds are geographically diverse, with investments in every continent, which cover a wide range of sectors, including food and fisheries, energy, logistics, information and communication technology (ICT), public services, financial and investment services, tourism, mining, manufacturing, and aviation.

OIA plays a key role in driving sustainable economic development and achieving Oman’s vision of becoming a more attractive investment destination. Royal Decrees June 4, 2020: Royal Decree No. 61/2020 Establishing Oman Investment Authority August 18, 2021: Royal Decree No. 57/2021 Promulgating The System of Oman Investment Authority 2024 Annual Report 6 Objectives Manage, grow, and invest Generate Contribute towards the Sultanate of Oman’s funds financial reserves.

the state’s general budget and assets to generate maximum and achieve financial returns. Play an instrumental Enhance role in executing the government’s the investment environment and attract policies and strategies toward advancing investments to the Sultanate of Oman. Our values Aspiration A sense of responsibility to work with diligence and commitment to achieve the ultimate goal of OIA.

Excellence Demonstrate initiative, proficiency, and steadiness at work. Integrity Be keen to earn trust, make the right decisions, and execute plans in an optimal manner. Passion A sense of vitality and enthusiasm for excellence and the continuation of self-development. 2024 Annual Report 7 OIA Chairman’s Message Several positive local indicators contributed to Oman Investment Authority (OIA) achieving strong results in 2024, most notably the rise in the average price of Omani crude oil to $79.86 per barrel and the improvement of Oman’s credit rating to the first investment-grade level at BBB- with a stable outlook.

Oman concluded 2024 with improved economic performance and is expected to continue its economic growth, driven by its enhanced position as an attractive destination for foreign investment, the ongoing reduction of public debt, and the recovery of non-oil sectors, all of which OIA has had a direct impact on.

In 2024, OIA increased its asset size OIA continued to focus on diversifying by OMR 1.185 billion, reaching OMR its investments across both local and 20.425 billion compared to OMR 19.240 global sectors to maximize returns and billion in 2023. OIA continued to play its mitigate risks.

Geographically, OIA’s role in advancing the national agenda, investments were distributed across contributing OMR 800 million to the more than 50 countries around the state’s general budget, bringing OIA’s world, with Oman accounting for the total contributions since 2016 to over largest share at 61.3%, followed by North OMR 7 billion.

Of this year’s contribution, America at 19.9%, while the remaining OMR 400 million was allocated to launch portion was allocated across Europe, the operational phase of Oman Future Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In Fund (FFO), which successfully completed terms of local sectors, OIA allocated its first year, achieving the objectives for its investments across various sectors, which it was established.

which the energy accounts for 68%, tourism and real estate for 9%, services and logistics for 8% each, 2024 Annual Report 8 telecommunications and information of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tariq technology for 4%, and other sectors for – may Allah protect and preserve him. This support has empowered OIA and its subsidiaries to continue contributing to the advancement of the national agenda Moreover, OIA continued to strengthen and Vision 2024, guided by His wise and Oman’s position as an attractive visionary leadership – may Allah grant him destination for foreign investment.

2024, there was a notable increase in foreign investment inflows into local sectors, with committed foreign direct In conclusion, I would like to extend investment (FDI) reaching approximately my sincere gratitude to my esteemed OMR 2.8 billion by the end of the year colleagues, their Excellencies members through projects under the National of OIA’s Board of Directors, OIA’s Development Fund (NDF).

President, and all employees at OIA and its subsidiaries, for their continued efforts, dedication and commitment, which Recognizing the importance of setting enabled OIA to achieve what we witness policies that support the achievement of today. We ask Allah Almighty to bless these national objectives, OIA’s Board of our endeavours and grant us continued Directors has approved a set of policies success in serving our beloved country.

aimed at regulating the performance and operations of its subsidiaries. These policies are designed to strike a balance between their economic and strategic goals, while also encouraging the highest standards of efficiency in human and financial resources. Sultan Al Habsi These achievements would not have been Minister of Finance Chairman - OIA’s Board of Directors possible without the Royal support 2024 Annual Report 9 OIA President’s Foreword Throughout the year 2024, Oman Investment Authority (OIA) continued its ongoing mission since its establishment to support Oman’s economy and advance the national agenda of developing human capital, maximization of local content, and contributing to the state’s general budget.

OIA succeeded in surpassing its targets in the vast majority of its key performance indicators, most notably the number of new jobs created for Omanis, capital investment spending on local projects through the National Development Fund, the percentage of spending on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from total supply chain expenditure, and human capital development.

One of our key achievements is the The Future Generations Fund also growth in the asset size of OIA’s recorded a 6.65% increase in its asset investment portfolios. In 2024, the size, reaching OMR 7.535 billion by the National Development Fund’s assets end of 2024, compared to OMR 7.065 increased to OMR 12.075 billion, following billion in 2023.

In parallel, we continued local investment spending of OMR 1.9 our efforts to reduce OIA Companies billion, which exceeded its 2024 target of debts by repaying more than OMR 1.846 OMR 1.7 billion. In addition, the portfolio billion, of which OMR 545 million from succeeded in doubling the foreign direct OQ Group, which was settled ahead of investments into local sectors compared its maturity date.

to 2023, with the majority concentrated in the energy sector, followed by tourism This year, Future Fund Oman (FFO) and mining. marked the first year since its launch at the beginning of 2024. FFO was 2024 Annual Report 10 established to support local projects intelligence company “xAI.” Additionally, and strategic investments, with a focus OIA invested in 13 new investment funds on empowering the private sector across various sectors, and entered into and attracting foreign investments.

new strategic partnerships, most notably It successfully achieved its intended with Turkey’s OYAK Fund to establish a objectives, witnessing strong interest joint investment fund focused on the food, from both local and international healthcare, energy, mining, and industrial investors as it received 294 proposals sectors within the Sultanate of Oman.

from various economic diversification sectors. Following OIA’s rigorous OIA has also fulfilled its role in maximizing procedures, 44 partnership proposals local content and supporting small and were approved, amounting the FFO medium enterprises (SMEs), with spending contribution to OMR 333.1 million.

on SMEs reaching OMR 265.5 million by the end of 2024. Of this amount, OMR Moreover, in 2024, OIA exceeded its 139 million was allocated to Riyada card divestment plan targets. While the goal holders, increasing the share of SMEs in was set to complete 5 divestments by the total supply chain expenditures to 19.8%.

end of the year, OIA successfully divested from 6 of its assets, generating rewarding Our achievements in 2024 are a testament returns that were reinvested into new to the efforts of the national talents that opportunities. Additionally, we continued OIA and its subsidiaries take great pride our vigorous efforts to develop human in.

They have successfully reinforced OIA’s capital and create job opportunities efforts since its establishment to align for Omanis, aligning with the high-level with national directions and contribute directives and government initiatives. This has succeeded in creating 1,393 new jobs for been made possible thanks to the support Omanis within OIA and its subsidiaries, and empowerment received from OIA’s raising the Omanization rate to 77.7% by Board of Directors, to whom we extend our the end of the year.

sincere gratitude and appreciation. Furthermore, our ongoing efforts to strengthen strategic partnerships and localize global industries and technologies continued with the Future Generations Fund invested in the American artificial 2024 Annual Report 11 2024 At a Glance 2 2024 Annual Report 12 OIA sustained its growth momentum in 2024, achieving substantial progress in several indicators and figures, most notably: OIA assets grew by more than OMR OIA’s profits: 1 billion, reaching a total of: OMR 20.425 OMR 1.585 billion billion Allocating Ranked Creating OMR 800 million 8 globally 1393 Jobs to support the State's General among SWFs in terms direct employment Budget, of which OMR 400 of the five-year average opportunities for Omanis million allocated to Future Generation Fund investment return.

Source fold: OIA Annual Report 2024 EN PDF. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: Chairman foreword

Chairman HE Sultan Al Habsi’s foreword language in AR 2025 emphasises asset growth of about OMR 2.5 billion to approximately OMR 23 billion, budget support, Future Fund Oman, and Vision 2040 alignment.

OIA sustained its growth momentum in 2025, achieving substantial 2.9 progress in several indicators and figures, most notably: Billion Omani Rials OIA’s profits. 22.922 Billion Omani Rials The OIA total assets after grew by more than OMR 278 Million Omani Rials the volume of spending directed toward small 2.497 billion.

and medium enterprises (local content). 800 Million Omani Rials Allocating to support Oman’s General Budget, 214 Million Omani Rials The total foreign investment commitments in new of which OMR 400 million is allocated to Future projects within the future oman fund for 2025. 1537 1.6 Approximately Job Opportunities Billion Omani Rials by direct employment or replacement for Omanis.

The total foreign investment commitments in new 3 projects within the national development portfolio rd Globally for 2025. among sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in terms of governance, sustainability and transparency, achieving a score of 92%. 1.73 Omani Rials 17 New Global Investment funds across diverse sectors.

2.3 the value reached by every riyal invested by OIA in 2020 until the end of 2025. Billion Omani Rials capital investment expenditure through the National Development Fund. 16 More Achievements 316.1 Million Omani Rials Total contributions of Future Fund Oman. 147 Projects Approved by Future Fund Oman.

Sustainable Institutional Leadership: The Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has received two Institutional Excellence Awards in the categories of “Sustainable Growth” and “Continuous Improvement” under the list of top-performing government entities. This reflects the efficiency of its internal governance framework and ability to preserve and grow assets in accordance with the highest institutional standards.

Pioneering Digital Transformation: OIA was awarded the Government Digital Excellence Award (2nd edition) as the best- performing entity in digital transformation among non-service institutions. This recognition is a result of successfully implementing a digitalisation strategy for investment operations and managing them through an integrated technological ecosystem that enhances transparency and innovation principles.

Trusted Cybersecurity: OIA received the Hadatha Cybersecurity Award for 2025, in recognition of its application of the highest international protection standards for securing digital systems and investment data, ensuring a safe and reliable technological environment that supports the sustainability of investment growth.

17 2 OIA INVESTMENT FUNDS 18 19 To co Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion | fm.gov.om E-services Open data Home Ministry Policy Trade About Oman News Citizens Visitors Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion 19 May 2026 The Oman Investment Authority announced its financial results for 2025, recording exceptional performance that reflects the efficiency of its investment strategies and the strength of its asset management.

The Authority achieved historic profits of OMR 2.9 billion, while the return on investment for 2025 reached 14.6 per cent. The average return on investment over five years reached 10.4 per cent, earning the Oman Investment Authority third place globally among sovereign wealth funds, according to a report issued by SWF Global.

The achievement reflects sustainable growth and market confidence in the Authority’s performance. The Authority also ranked first globally in returns on public market investments during 2025 compared to sovereign wealth funds worldwide. In terms of the key performance indicators for 2025, the Authority continued to achieve notable growth across various metrics.

Total assets reached around OMR 23 billion, while annual performance indicators exceeded approved targets by 105 per cent during 2025. The Authority also contributed OMR 800 million to the State’s general budget, with half allocated to the Future Fund Oman. In addition, it injected capital investments worth OMR 2.4 billion into local projects, contributing to economic growth and stimulating vital sectors.

As part of human capital development efforts, the Oman Investment Authority and its subsidiaries continued strengthening employment opportunities and empowering national talent. The Authority employed 438 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 91 per cent, while subsidiary companies employed more than 41,000 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 79.4 per cent.

Source fold: AR 2025 Chairman / Key Highlights + FM release. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: President foreword

President Abdulsalam Al Murshidi’s AR 2025 foreword cites unprecedented profits of approximately OMR 2.9 billion, National Development Fund scale (~OMR 13.1 billion), Future Generations Fund expansion to ~OMR 8.6 billion, and deleveraging of OIA Companies debt.

Annual Report 2025 1 2 3 ROYAL ADDRESS The development of the investment and commercial environment constitutes a fundamental imperative for advancing the nation’s development agenda. Accordingly, We have directed the Government to introduce further necessary facilitation measures, competitive incentives, and a supportive investment ecosystem that facilitates business practice, thus safeguards the diversification of our national economy, achieves sustainable growth, and generates greater employment opportunities across the various economic and service sectors, while positioning the Sultanate of Oman as an attractive investment destination and a more integrated participant within the global economic system.

To achieve such integration, Our Government has endeavored to establish an extensive network of ports, free zones, special economic zones, and integrated industrial cities, while also supporting innovation and entrepreneurship programmes, as well as national and joint investment funds established in partnership with brotherly and friendly nations.

From the Royal Address of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, May Allah Protect and Preserve Him 11th January 2025 4 5 Content 6 About OIA 08 OIA Chairman’s Foreword 10 OIA President’s Foreword 12 Key Highlights 14 OIA’s Investment Portfolios 18 OIA’s Asset Allocation 22 Future Generations Fund 26 National Development Fund 34 Future Fund Oman 38 Strategic Joint Ventures 44 Economic Diplomacy 54 Realising the National Agenda 58 Human Resources 66 7 Royal Decrees About OIA Oman Investment Authority (OIA) is the investment arm of the Sultanate of Oman.

4th of June, 2020 It is mandated with managing, investing, Royal Decree No. 61/2020, establishing Oman and growing Oman’s assets locally and Investment Authority (OIA). OIA investment portfolios are geographically diverse, with investments in every continent, which cover a wide range of sectors, including food, energy, logistics, communication and information 18th of August, 2021 Royal Decree No.

57/2021, promulgating the technology (CIT), public services, financial System of Oman Investment Authority (OIA). and investment services, food safety, tourism, mining, manufacturing, and aviation. OIA plays a key role in driving sustainable economic development and achieving Oman’s vision of becoming an attractive investment destination.

8 Our Objectives Manage, grow, and invest Generate Play an instrumental role the Sultanate of Oman’s financial reserves in executing the government’s funds and assets to generate and savings. policies and strategies toward maximum returns. advancing targeted economic sectors. Contribute towards Enhance generating the revenue required the investment landscape and for the state’s general budget and attract investments to the achieve financial sustainability.

Our Values Excellence Aspiration Demonstrate initiative, proficiency, A sense of responsibility to work and steadiness and maintaining with diligence and commitment good relations with colleagues and to achieve the goals of OIA. Integrity Passion Execute tasks in an optimal A sense of vitality and enthusiasm manner, uphold integrity, honesty when executing tasks and the and trustworthiness with everyone continuation of striving for self- to earn their trust.

9 OIA Chairman’s Foreword Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has maintained a steady growth throughout 2025, marking significant progress across several key benchmarks. Most notably, its total assets expanded by OMR 2.5 billion to reach approximately OMR 23 billion, a testament to its robust performance and capacity for generating sustainable yields.

This success is reflected in the Omani economy’s resilient growth and enhanced economic diversification, further bolstered by investments in promising sectors both within the Sultanate of Oman and internationally. OIA has also achieved a distinguished global milestone, being ranked among the world’s premier sovereign wealth funds.

It secured the third position globally for its governance, sustainability, and transparency practices, achieving an impressive score of 92% in 2025 as per global (SWF) reports. In alignment with the national agenda, OIA successfully bolstered the state budget with an amount of 800 million Omani Rials of which 400 million Omani Rials were directed to Oman Future Fund exceeding the total value of its contributions during the Tenth Five- Year Plan (2021–2025), which reached 4.4 billion Omani Rials.

Source fold: AR 2025 President’s Foreword. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: 2025 key highlights

Key Highlights panel figures (OMR 22.922 bn assets; OMR 2.9 bn profits; OMR 800 mn budget allocation framing; jobs; SME spend; third-place governance/sustainability/transparency score of 92% as printed; every Omani riyal invested in 2020 reaching OMR 1.73 by end-2025).

OIA sustained its growth momentum in 2025, achieving substantial 2.9 progress in several indicators and figures, most notably: Billion Omani Rials OIA’s profits. 22.922 Billion Omani Rials The OIA total assets after grew by more than OMR 278 Million Omani Rials the volume of spending directed toward small 2.497 billion.

and medium enterprises (local content). 800 Million Omani Rials Allocating to support Oman’s General Budget, 214 Million Omani Rials The total foreign investment commitments in new of which OMR 400 million is allocated to Future projects within the future oman fund for 2025. 1537 1.6 Approximately Job Opportunities Billion Omani Rials by direct employment or replacement for Omanis.

The total foreign investment commitments in new 3 projects within the national development portfolio rd Globally for 2025. among sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in terms of governance, sustainability and transparency, achieving a score of 92%. 1.73 Omani Rials 17 New Global Investment funds across diverse sectors.

2.3 the value reached by every riyal invested by OIA in 2020 until the end of 2025. Billion Omani Rials capital investment expenditure through the National Development Fund. 16 More Achievements 316.1 Million Omani Rials Total contributions of Future Fund Oman. 147 Projects Approved by Future Fund Oman.

Sustainable Institutional Leadership: The Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has received two Institutional Excellence Awards in the categories of “Sustainable Growth” and “Continuous Improvement” under the list of top-performing government entities. This reflects the efficiency of its internal governance framework and ability to preserve and grow assets in accordance with the highest institutional standards.

Pioneering Digital Transformation: OIA was awarded the Government Digital Excellence Award (2nd edition) as the best- performing entity in digital transformation among non-service institutions. This recognition is a result of successfully implementing a digitalisation strategy for investment operations and managing them through an integrated technological ecosystem that enhances transparency and innovation principles.

Trusted Cybersecurity: OIA received the Hadatha Cybersecurity Award for 2025, in recognition of its application of the highest international protection standards for securing digital systems and investment data, ensuring a safe and reliable technological environment that supports the sustainability of investment growth.

Source fold: AR 2025 Key Highlights. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: Ministry of Finance 19 May 2026 release

Full Ministry of Finance English release summarising OIA’s 2025 results, portfolio sleeves, divestments, Omanisation, SME spend, and economic diplomacy — attributable government primary.

Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion | fm.gov.om E-services Open data Home Ministry Policy Trade About Oman News Citizens Visitors Oman Investment Authority records profits of OMR 3 billion 19 May 2026 The Oman Investment Authority announced its financial results for 2025, recording exceptional performance that reflects the efficiency of its investment strategies and the strength of its asset management.

The Authority achieved historic profits of OMR 2.9 billion, while the return on investment for 2025 reached 14.6 per cent. The average return on investment over five years reached 10.4 per cent, earning the Oman Investment Authority third place globally among sovereign wealth funds, according to a report issued by SWF Global.

The achievement reflects sustainable growth and market confidence in the Authority’s performance. The Authority also ranked first globally in returns on public market investments during 2025 compared to sovereign wealth funds worldwide. In terms of the key performance indicators for 2025, the Authority continued to achieve notable growth across various metrics.

Total assets reached around OMR 23 billion, while annual performance indicators exceeded approved targets by 105 per cent during 2025. The Authority also contributed OMR 800 million to the State’s general budget, with half allocated to the Future Fund Oman. In addition, it injected capital investments worth OMR 2.4 billion into local projects, contributing to economic growth and stimulating vital sectors.

As part of human capital development efforts, the Oman Investment Authority and its subsidiaries continued strengthening employment opportunities and empowering national talent. The Authority employed 438 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 91 per cent, while subsidiary companies employed more than 41,000 staff members with an Omanisation rate of 79.4 per cent.

During 2025, a total of 1,146 jobs were created, surpassing the annual target of 800 jobs. The Authority also directed OMR 287 million in spending towards small and medium enterprises in support of local content. Sultan bin Salem Al Habsi, Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Oman Investment Authority, said the Authority continued in 2025 to support the national economy efficiently and sustainably.

It also continued supporting economic diversification goals and strengthening partnerships with the private sector through the Future Fund Oman and its associated strategic projects. He added that the Authority worked to regulate the performance of subsidiary companies to improve efficiency, achieve a balance between economic and strategic objectives and adopt best practices in human and financial resource management, thereby strengthening the Authority’s ability to contribute effectively to the objectives of Oman Vision 2040.

Abdulsalam bin Mohammed Al Murshidi, President of the Oman Investment Authority, said the exceptional achievements recorded in 2025 confirm the institutional excellence of the Authority and its companies, the competence of national talent and their tangible role in consolidating a path of outstanding performance and integration with national priorities.

He noted that the Authority and its subsidiaries continue to move forward with increasing momentum to maximise investment returns in support of economic development, national goals and building a future for coming generations. As part of its balanced growth approach, the Authority continued diversifying its investments geographically and sectorally.

Its investments are distributed across 52 countries worldwide, enhancing its ability to manage risks and maximise returns. The Sultanate of Oman accounts for nearly two thirds of the Authority’s investments, while North America represents 19 per cent, Europe 9 per cent, Asia and Pacific Rim markets 4 per cent and the rest of the world 7 per cent.

As an executive arm of Omani economic diplomacy, the Oman Investment Authority worked during the year with several relevant entities, most notably the Foreign Ministry, to help attract foreign investments into local sectors and support the objectives of Oman Vision 2040. This included participation in the overseas visits of His Majesty Sultan Haitham bin Tarik, including the visit to the Netherlands, which saw the signing of three strategic agreements, most notably a joint development agreement among 11 leading companies, including an agreement to develop storage facilities and infrastructure in the Duqm area.

The visit to Algeria included the announcement of the establishment of the Algerian Omani Investment Fund. During the visit to Russia, discussions focused on joint investments, with the Authority beginning engagement with several Russian entities to enhance economic cooperation opportunities.

The Authority also participated in His Majesty’s visit to Spain, during which four memoranda of understanding were signed in the fields of green methanol, liquefied natural gas, water management and wastewater management. The visit to Belarus resulted in the signing of a memorandum of cooperation to establish and operate a pulp production project.

During 2025, the President of the Oman Investment Authority also undertook several overseas visits, including leading an Omani delegation to Algeria and meeting President Abdelmadjid Tebboune to discuss economic and investment cooperation between the two countries. A visit to Burkina Faso included a meeting with President Ibrahim Traoré and the signing of three investment cooperation agreements covering a joint gold mining project, agricultural investment and strategic crops.

A visit to Botswana resulted in four economic and investment agreements in the sectors of energy, renewable energy and mining. These included the development of solar and wind energy projects, along with partnerships in mineral exploration and technical expertise exchange. In cooperation with the Foreign Ministry, the President of the Authority also visited Mongolia to explore opportunities in mining, energy, agriculture, food industries and long term trade and investment partnerships, as well as Hong Kong to discuss opportunities for economic, trade and investment cooperation.

At the investment portfolio level, the Oman Investment Authority continued diversifying investments across three main portfolios with total assets of around OMR 23 billion. The domestic portfolio, known as the “National Development Portfolio”, manages the Authority’s investments in State owned companies and includes more than 160 local companies and assets.

It aims to contribute to the growth and development of the national economy, in addition to supporting the State budget through dividend distributions. By the end of 2025, the portfolio’s assets reached around OMR 13.09 billion and achieved profits of OMR 1.8 billion, with a return of 15.87 per cent, exceeding the approved target.

The portfolio also continued injecting capital investments into Oman Vision 2040 related projects worth OMR 2.4 billion up to the third quarter of the year. It contributed to implementing 14 national projects across multiple sectors, with investments exceeding OMR 450 million. These projects are expected to create more than 1,300 jobs once operational, in addition to contributing OMR 800 million to the State budget.

The external portfolio, known as the “Generations Portfolio”, includes investments outside the Sultanate of Oman and focuses on achieving sustainable financial returns and diversifying risks through long term investments in global markets. The portfolio’s value reached OMR 8.57 billion and recorded profits of OMR 1.041 billion during 2025.

It also expanded investments by adding new funds across various sectors, bringing the total number of investment funds to 210. Public market investments within the portfolio ranked first globally, outperforming the public market performance of sovereign wealth funds worldwide by 17.1 per cent.

Source fold: fm.gov.om/en/46037/ (19 May 2026). Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: Royal Decrees 61/2020 & 62/2020

Text extracts from the establishing decree and the presidential appointment decree PDFs published via oia.gov.om uploads.

Royal Decree 61/2020 Establishing the Oman Investment Authority We, Haitham bin Tarik, the Sultan of Oman after perusal of the Basic Statute of the State promulgated by Royal Decree 101/96, Royal Decree 1/80 Establishing the State General Reserve Fund, Royal Decree 39/96 Determining the Competences of the Ministry of Finance and Adopting Its Organisational Structure, and Royal Decree 14/2006 Establishing the Oman Investment Fund and Promulgating Its System, and in pursuance of public interest, have decreed as follows Article I An authority named the “Oman Investment Authority” is hereby established.

It shall have legal personality, shall enjoy financial and administrative independence, and shall be subordinate to the Council of Ministers. Article II The Oman Investment Authority shall have a board of directors formed by virtue of an order of His Majesty the Sultan. Article III The system of the Oman Investment Authority shall be promulgated by royal decree.

Article IV All the competences, allocations, rights, obligations, records, holdings, assets, and investments related to the State General Reserve Fund, Oman Investment Fund, and the Directorate General of Investments in the Ministry of Finance are hereby transferred to the Oman Investment Authority.

All employees of the State General Reserve Fund and Oman Investment Fund are hereby also transferred to the Oman Investment Authority with their same employment status and financial entitlements. The transfer of the employees of the Directorate General of Investments in the Ministry of Finance to the Oman Investment Authority shall be as agreed between the Ministry of Finance and the Oman Investment Authority.

1 Article V The ownership of all government companies and investments is hereby transferred from the Ministry of Finance to the Oman Investment Authority, with the exception of Petroleum Development Oman, government contributions in international organisations, and companies for which an order is issued by His Majesty the Sultan.

Article VI The phrases “State General Reserve Fund” and “Oman Investment Fund”, wherever they occur in laws and royal decrees, are hereby replaced with the phrase “Oman Investment Authority”. Article VII The aforementioned Royal Decrees 1/80 and 14/2006 are hereby repealed as well as all that is contrary to this decree, or in conflict with its provisions.

Article VIII This decree shall be published in the Official Gazette, and comes into force on the date of its issuance. Issued on: 12 Shawwal 1441 Corresponding to: 4 June 2020 Haitham bin Tarik Sultan of Oman 2 Royal Decree 62/2020 Appointing a President for the Oman Investment Authority We, Haitham bin Tarik, the Sultan of Oman, Having perused the Basic Statute of the State promu!gated by Royal Decree 101/96, and Royal Decree 61/2020 establishing the Oman Investment Authority, and in pursuance of public interest, decreed as follows Article One Abdulsalam bin Mohammed bin Abdullah AI-Murshidi is hereby appointed as President of the Oman Investment Authority with the rank of minister.

Article Two This decree shall be published in the Official Gazette and come into force on the date of its issuance. Issued on: 16 Shawwal 1441 Corresponding to: 8 June 2020 Haitham bin Tarik Sultan of Oman

Source fold: Royal Decree PDFs on oia.gov.om. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: ESG Guidelines PDF

Overview extract from OIA’s ESG Guidelines for OIA Entities.

Overview of the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Guidelines for OIA Entities 1 | Overview of OIA’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Guidelines Towards Responsible Investment: OIA’s ESG Overview 1. ESG Risk Management and Strategic Foundation The Oman Investment Authority (OIA) recognizes Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations as vital to safeguarding Oman’s national wealth and promoting long-term sustainable growth.

The ESG Guidelines developed by OIA set out a structured framework that mandates all entities to embed ESG into their core operations. These guidelines align with Oman Vision 2040 and support the national objective of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. OIA addresses ESG risks through systematic processes that require entities to assess environmental, social, and governance risks periodically.

This includes climate-induced risks, social impacts on vulnerable communities, and governance failures such as ethical breaches and non-compliance. Entities are required to maintain risk registers, mitigation plans, and escalate incidents to OIA for review and accountability. ESG Governance and Stewardship OIA has established a robust ESG governance structure based on global best practices.

Each entity is required to form ESG Committees and integrate ESG responsibilities within executive and board-level roles. The ESG strategy and policy (GE1.1, GE1.2) are mandated across all sectors and must be approved by entity boards and aligned with material ESG topics. Internal reporting to OIA is conducted via ESG KPI dashboards and an annual ESG survey, while external reporting is structured per Muscat Stock Exchange ESG Disclosure Guidance and aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

This dual-layered reporting ensures transparency and measurable accountability. 2 | Overview of OIA’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Guidelines 3. Responsible Investing: Exclusion and Engagement Entities under OIA’s ESG framework are guided by principles of ethical conduct and stakeholder inclusivity.

All companies must adopt codes of conduct, whistleblower mechanisms, and anti- corruption policies (G1.1 to G1.5). Entities are expected to conduct materiality assessments (GE2.2), identify ESG-sensitive sectors, and engage internal and external stakeholders to manage and mitigate ESG risks.

While not explicitly an exclusion list, the ESG framework requires businesses to assess their supply chain and operations for potential risks such as deforestation, unethical labor, and negative socio-economic impact. ESG requirements encourage value-chain engagement to drive clean energy, circular economy, and diversity initiatives.

Climate Commitments and Framework Alignment OIA has committed to national climate targets, including support for Oman’s Net Zero 2050 pledge and green hydrogen transition. Each entity is required to develop climate policies (E2.1), conduct climate risk assessments (E2.2), and set measurable emission reduction targets across Scope 1, 2, and 3 (E2.3 to E2.5).

The ESG Guidelines recommend alignment with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and emerging IFRS S1/S2 sustainability standards. Entities are encouraged to secure third-party assurance (GE3.2) and pursue ESG ratings (GE3.3) to validate their commitment to international benchmarks.

ESG Reporting and Economic Contributions All entities are required to publish an annual ESG or sustainability report (GE3.1) highlighting progress across material areas. These reports include metrics such as GHG emissions, water usage, DEI representation, job creation (S3.2), and customer satisfaction (S3.4).

The ESG data feeds into OIA’s maturity scorecard and is used for strategic assessments. Socio-economic development is embedded in OIA’s ESG goals through mandated CSR strategies, employee volunteering, and initiatives aimed at youth and community development (S3.1 to S3.3). This reinforces OIA’s commitment to national prosperity and stakeholder value creation.

3 | Overview of OIA’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Guidelines Annex: OIA ESG Pillars, Focus Areas, and Linked Requirements OIA ESG Pillars ESG Focus Area Linked requirements GE1 – ESG Policy & Strategy GE1.1 to GE1.2 General GE2 – ESG Materiality GE2.1 to GE2.2 Requirements GE3 – Reporting & Communication GE3.1 to GE3.3 E1 - Clean & Green Energy Transition E1.1 to E1.2 Orient Towards a E2 - GHG Emissions E2.1 to E2.5 Greener Future E3 – Water Conservation E3.1 to E3.4 E4 – Circular Economy E4.1 to E4.4 S1 – Diversity, Equality & Inclusion S1.1 to S1.4 Invest in Our People and S2 – Human Capital Development S2.1 to S2.6 Society S3 – Socio-economic Impact S3.1 to S3.4 G1 – Business Ethics & Integrity G1.1 to G1.5 Advocate for Responsible G2 – Cybersecurity & Data Privacy G2.1 to G2.5 Governance G3 – Board Composition & Diversity G3.1 to G3.4 4 | Overview of OIA’s Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Guidelines

Source fold: OIA ESG Guidelines PDF. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: Exclusion & Engagement PDF

Overview extract from the Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework.

Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework 1 | Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework Overview of the OIA Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy & Framework Oman Investment Authority (OIA) has established a comprehensive Investment Policy that provides a clear framework for managing its assets.

This policy aligns with our core objectives of transparency, risk management, and stakeholder engagement. It undergoes regular reviews by the Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) department to ensure adaptability to evolving internal and external environments. Key Highlights: Purpose and Responsibilities: Defines the objectives of the investment policy, including establishing guidelines, promoting transparency, ensuring compliance, and delineating roles for approval and oversight by the Board of Directors and the Investment Committee.

Fund Objectives & Structure: o Future Generations Fund: Focuses on maximizing long-term returns for Oman's future, with a strategic allocation across public and private assets. o National Development Fund: Supports Oman's economic sectors, fosters a conducive investment environment, and promotes sustainable growth.

o Future Fund Oman: Aims to diversify and develop Oman's economy by investing in projects, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and employment initiatives. Asset Class Classifications: o Public Market Assets: Tradable securities such as equities, bonds, multi-asset portfolios, and short-term instruments.

o Private Market Assets: Illiquid investments, including private equity, real estate, and co-investments. 2 | Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework Asset Class Definitions: o Equities: Listed on recognized exchanges, including common and preferred shares, IPOs, ETFs, and derivatives.

o Bonds: Sovereign, corporate, emerging markets, and securitized debt in various currencies. o Private Equity & Real Estate: Direct investments or funds focusing on diversified strategies, value-add opportunities, and disciplined risk management. Investment Guidelines: o Public Markets: Managed actively with controls on derivatives, currency exposure, and risk mitigation.

o Private Markets: Emphasize experienced managers, diversification, and adherence to industry standards. o Real Estate: Prioritize prime locations, risk management, and portfolio diversification. Asset Allocation & Diversification: Strategic allocation aims for balanced risk and return with a long-term perspective.

Diversification across sectors, geographies, and asset types is essential to achieving optimal risk-adjusted returns. Risk Management: Continuous monitoring of asset allocations and risk parameters. Currency & Hedging Strategy: Currency exposure is managed through hedging strategies, primarily focusing on G10 currencies.

The Public Market Department oversees currency risk, with strategies approved by the Investment Committee. Operational & Oversight Framework: Selection of financial institutions, custodians, and service providers adheres to strict criteria, including reputation, financial strength, and compliance.

Management agreements clearly define duties, fees, and reporting obligations. 3 | Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework

Source fold: Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework PDF. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: Sustainability Report Jan 2026

First Edition Sustainability Report (January 2026) extract — ESG embedded in investment strategy language.

Classification: Unclassified Sustainability Report First Edition – Jan 2026 Classification: Unclassified Driving Sustainable Impact for Future Generations At Oman Investment Authority (OIA), Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles are embedded at the core of our investment strategy—ensuring long-term value creation, national prosperity, and responsible stewardship of Oman’s wealth.

ESG Overview OIA integrates ESG considerations across its portfolio to safeguard national assets and drive sustainable economic growth. Our ESG framework aligns with Oman Vision 2040 and supports the Sultanate’s Net Zero 2050 commitment. We adopt a structured, system-wide approach requiring all portfolio entities to embed ESG into their operations, decision-making, and reporting frameworks.

ESG Sections ESG Guidelines Our ESG Guidelines provide a clear framework for integrating ESG principles across our portfolio companies. View ESG Guidelines Green Financing Framework Our Green Financing Framework supports sustainable investment by enabling environmentally responsible financing across our portfolio.

View Framework Sustainability Report Explore our latest Sustainability Report to learn more about our ESG strategy, performance, and impact across the portfolio. Reported annually View Report 2024 Environmental Protection as an Economic Asset in Oman This report explores how environmental governance contributes to economic resilience, sustainable development, and long-term competitiveness across Oman’s economy.

1 Classification: Unclassified Published in collaboration with the Environment Authority and Oxford Business Group View Report 2026 ESG Impact Highlights 2025 MDO – Minerals Development Oman MDO is advancing sustainable resource development through responsible mining, community investment, human capital development, and strong governance.

Environmental • Sustainability strategy aligned with Oman Vision 2040 & UN SDGs • Strengthened HSE governance aligned with ISO 14001 & ISO 45001 • Progressing towards carbon neutrality by 2050 • Carbon Neutrality by 2050 Governance • Full compliance with OIA regulatory requirements • Implemented ERM and Information Security Management System • Committed to transparency, accountability, and ethical practices • Strong Governance Framework Sustainability & ESG Integration • Integrated ESG across operations and decision-making • Community investment and stakeholder engagement • Aligning with Oman Vision 2040 and UN SDGs • ESG Integrated Strategic ESG Impact • 32% of total procurement spend • OMR 48 million procurement spend supporting localization • Supporting local supply chains and economic diversification • 32% Spend with SMEs OQ OQ is leading Oman’s energy transition and economic diversification while creating lasting social and environmental value.

2 Classification: Unclassified Environmental • Expanded renewable energy portfolio by over 2,000 MW • Secured Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for more than 740 MW of solar and wind capacity • Reported combined Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions of 8.47 million tonnes CO₂e • Advanced decarbonisation planning through a dedicated Decarbonisation Planning Tool • Maintained zero freshwater consumption across OQ operations • Planted more than 1,300 native trees and plants supporting Oman’s “Greening the Desert” initiative • 2,000 MW Renewable Energy Expansion Governance • ESG KPIs integrated into OQ’s Corporate Scorecard and linked to remuneration • Strengthened emissions governance through digitisation of the Group-wide GHG inventory • Achieved a 4.4% increase in cybersecurity maturity across IT and OT domains • Zero corruption-related cases reported across operations in 2025 • Enhanced governance, risk management, and sustainability oversight frameworks • ESG Embedded Governance Sustainability & ESG Integration • Sustainability fully integrated into strategy, governance, investment evaluation, and operational decision-making • Advancing Oman’s Net Zero 2050 ambitions through decarbonisation and alternative energy investments • Continued alignment with Oman Vision 2040 and international sustainability frameworks • Executed 11 innovation and R&D projects supporting operational efficiency and energy transition goals • Sustainability Integrated Across Operations • recognised during Oman Sustainability Week under the Oman Sustainability Index and achieved recognition in the Gold Category for ESG governance and operational excellence.

Strategic ESG Impact • Increased retained In-Country Value (ICV) by 24% • SME spend reached approximately OMR 117.7 million • Automated over 213 processes, saving nearly 95,000 employee hours • Generated returns exceeding USD 10 million through digital transformation initiatives • Achieved 88% Omanisation and 98% employee survey participation • OMR 117.7 Million SME Spend Health, Safety & People 3 Classification: Unclassified • Maintained strong safety performance with a TRIF of 0.52 and LTIFR of 0.48 • Delivered over 2,300 HSE training man-hours • 450 employees participated in ethics training programmes • Continued investment in workforce wellbeing, capability development, and community impact • Safety & Workforce Excellence NAMA Holding NAMA Holding drives social impact and sustainable development through targeted community programs, environmental initiatives, and national partnerships.

Environmental • Solar-powered lighting and renewable energy initiatives • Green Path smart sustainable park integrating solar energy, smart irrigation and AI technologies • Green Environment Program promoting sustainable agriculture and water reuse • Promoting Sustainable Solutions Governance • Alignment with Oman Vision 2040 and UN SDGs • Active contributor to OIA-led programs (Rowad) • Strong partnerships, transparency, and social responsibility • Aligned with National Priorities Sustainability & ESG Integration • ESG embedded across investments and operations • Community development and youth empowerment • Social impact aligned with national development goals • ESG Embedded Strategic ESG Impact • 7 community projects and social programs • OMR 448,000 invested in social initiatives • Promoting education, youth, health, and community wellbeing • OMR 448,000 Invested ASYAD Group Asyad is advancing sustainable logistics and global trade connectivity while embedding ESG principles across its operations and international footprint.

4 Classification: Unclassified Environmental • recorded a carbon intensity of approximately 1,604 tCO₂e/USDm and achieved a 9.3% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. • Progressing fleet decarbonisation and energy efficiency initiatives • Launched Oman’s first electric bus • Exploring future fuels (LNG, biofuels, green ammonia, e-methanol) • Initiated new energy feasibility studies in Sohar & Duqm Governance • Zero corruption incidents reported across the Group • Zero data privacy breaches / cyberattacks • Achieved ISO 22301 certification (Business Continuity) • Strengthened risk management and cybersecurity frameworks • Zero Governance Incidents Sustainability & ESG Integration • Published annual Sustainability Report (2025) • Conducted double materiality assessment • Recognized with Platinum Sustainability Award (Oman Sustainability Week) • ESG reporting aligned with GRI Standards, Oman Vision 2040 & UN SDGs • Platinum Sustainability Award Strategic ESG Impact • Advanced low-carbon logistics and sustainable mobility solutions • Strengthened Oman’s role as a global logistics hub • Supported energy transition and green transport initiatives • Delivered 27+ million safe working hours • 27M+ Safe Hours Our Portfolio.

Oman’s Future OIA’s portfolio companies are committed to building a resilient, diversified and sustainable future for Oman. • Advancing Environmental Stewardship • Empowering People and Communities • Investing in Human Capital Development • Upholding Strong Governance and Ethics • Driving Economic Growth and Local Value • Building a Sustainable Future for Future Generations 5 Classification: Unclassified OIA remains committed to embedding ESG principles across its portfolio to build a resilient, diversified economy and a sustainable future for the Sultanate.

Source fold: OIA Sustainability Report First Edition Jan 2026. Verify against the live oia.gov.om page or PDF before citing beyond this page.

Annex: SWF peers

Peer orientation only — not a ranking claim: ADIA, Mubadala, Emirates Investment Authority, Public Investment Fund (Saudi Arabia), Qatar Investment Authority, Kuwait Investment Authority, Libyan Investment Authority, SOFAZ, NBIM, GIC, CIC, Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation. OIA’s distinctive researcher hooks are the three-sleeve OMR architecture (NDF / FGF / FFO), Vision 2040 domestic development mandate, and published Santiago self-assessment detail.

Annex: Deliberate omissions

• No invented CIO name or title.
• No invented USD AUM beyond OIA Press Office dated USD prints.
• No private staff emails or office phone directories.
• No VideoObject — no verified official strategy YouTube embed confirmed this pass.
• Board members without person SSR pages are named in plain text only.
• SAFE, TRS Texas, Kuwait PIFSS, and BIA remain skipped elsewhere in the Top 100 programme.

Annex: Outbound checklist

• oia.gov.om — Leadership, About, Media Library, Annual Reports
• Annual Report 2025 EN PDF
• Annual Report 2024 EN PDF
• Ministry of Finance — OIA 2025 results (19 May 2026)
• IFSWF — OIA 2025 Santiago self-assessment
• ESG Guidelines; Exclusion & Engagement; Risk Management; Sustainability Report; Green Financing Framework PDFs on oia.gov.om/uploads
• Royal Decree 61/2020 and 62/2020 PDFs on oia.gov.om/uploads
• OIA Press Office PR Newswire wires (2 Jul 2025; 18 May 2026)

Annex: Editorial locks

• H1 = Oman Investment Authority only (never “| UAO Top 100” in H1).
• Single www canonical via post.canonical_url only.
• Organization + GovernmentOrganization; FAQPage (12); no VideoObject.
• Daily-refresh disabled; desk a13480ec21c4dc98 untouched.
• Seat-lock + META lastsweep 2026-09-11; theme uao 1.3.177; sitemap 06bz with 79 locs.
• Do not message CoS or SEO from this ship (next CoS batch at 80).

FAQ

What is the Oman Investment Authority (OIA)?

Oman Investment Authority is the Sultanate of Oman’s sovereign wealth fund and investment arm, established on 4 June 2020 by Royal Decree 61/2020. It holds financial and administrative independence and is subordinate to the Council of Ministers. Implementing regulations in Royal Decree 57/2021 set five objectives: manage and invest state assets for returns; create financial reserves; contribute revenues to the general budget and fiscal sustainability; advance targeted economic sectors; and enhance the investment environment to attract investment. Official site: https://www.oia.gov.om/.

What official AUM has OIA published, and in which currency?

Prefer dated official OMR from oia.gov.om / the Annual Report and Oman Ministry of Finance releases. At year-end 2025, total assets were approximately OMR 23 billion (Key Highlights print OMR 22.922 billion after growth of more than OMR 2.497 billion). OIA’s own Press Office also published approximately USD 60 billion assets at end-2025 (PR Newswire, 18 May 2026) and USD 53 billion with USD 4.12 billion net profit for 2024 (PR Newswire, 2 July 2025). Do not invent FX conversions or promote the prior thin “Explained” article’s invented “over $100 billion” figure.

Who is the President of OIA?

HE Abdulsalam bin Mohammed Al Murshidi is President of Oman Investment Authority (official Leadership page). UAO Instantiations maps the President seat to ceo/ceot=President. UAO person SSR: /registry/person/abdulsalam-al-murshidi/. Royal Decree 62/2020 is the appointing decree PDF published on oia.gov.om.

Who is the Chief Investment Officer?

UAO Instantiations keeps the CIO seat empty — do not invent a CIO. The official Leadership page lists President Abdulsalam Al Murshidi and Deputy Presidents HE Mulham Basheer Al Jarf (Investments) and HE Muneer bin Ali Al Muneeri (Operations). “Deputy President for Investments” is not labelled CIO on the opened Leadership roster.

How is OIA governed?

Royal Decree 57/2021 establishes a Board of Directors (appointed by Royal Order) and executive management with distinct roles. The Board is chaired by the Minister of Finance. Official Leadership (2026 page data) lists: HE Sultan Al Habsi (Minister of Finance; Chairman); HE Eng. Salim Al Aufi (Minister of Energy and Minerals; Vice Chairman); HE Dr. Saud Al Habsi (Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources; Member); HE Abdullah Al Harthi (Undersecretary of Finance; Member); and Kwa Chong Seng (International Member). The President leads executive management. OIA publishes a Code of Governance / Corporate Governance Manual and is an IFSWF member with a 2025 Santiago Principles self-assessment.

What are OIA’s three main investment portfolios?

Official materials describe three sleeves with total assets around OMR 23 billion at end-2025: (1) National Development Fund — domestic state-owned companies and Vision 2040 projects (about OMR 13.09–13.1 billion; profits about OMR 1.8–1.81 billion; return 15.87% in 2025 per Ministry of Finance / AR wording); (2) Future Generations Fund — external/global investments (about OMR 8.57–8.6 billion; profits about OMR 1.041 billion); (3) Future Fund Oman — launched 17 January 2024 with OMR 2 billion capital to catalyse FDI and local projects.

What returns and budget contributions did OIA report for 2025?

For 2025, OIA reported historic profits of approximately OMR 2.9 billion and a return on investment of 14.6% (Ministry of Finance release 19 May 2026; AR 2025; OIA PR). Five-year average return 10.4% and a third-place global SWF ranking on that metric are attributed to SWF Global in official government wording. OIA contributed OMR 800 million to the State’s general budget in 2025 (AR highlights note OMR 400 million allocated in the Future Generation Fund framing of that contribution). OIA PR also stated approximately USD 7.8 billion profits for 2025.

How is OIA’s portfolio allocated geographically?

Official 2025 results wording (Ministry of Finance / OIA PR): investments across about 52 countries; nearly two-thirds in Oman; North America about 19%; Europe about 9%; Asia and Pacific Rim about 4%; rest of world about 7%. Keep percentages attached to the 2025 disclosure vintage.

What ESG and risk frameworks has OIA published?

Opened official PDFs on oia.gov.om include the Investment Exclusion and Engagement Policy Framework; Risk Management Framework (COSO ERM / ISO 31000 language in IFSWF assessment); ESG Guidelines for OIA Entities; Green Financing Framework; and a Sustainability Report (First Edition – Jan 2026). IFSWF OIA 2025 notes IFRS financial statements audited by Big Four firms and GIPS performance reporting. Attribute ESG claims only to these primaries.

Is OIA the same as OQ, Asyad, or the Central Bank of Oman?

No. OIA is the sovereign wealth / state investment authority. OQ and Asyad are among portfolio / affiliated commercial groups referenced in divestment and National Development Fund activity — not the Authority itself. The Central Bank of Oman is the monetary authority; OIA coordinates with fiscal and monetary committees as described in its Santiago self-assessment, but is a separate legal entity under Royal Decree 61/2020.

What is Future Fund Oman?

Future Fund Oman was officially launched on 17 January 2024 with capital of OMR 2 billion. It finances projects and venture investment in Oman, including major projects, direct investments, SME/start-up support. Ministry of Finance 2025 results: since launch, 186 projects approved with estimated value around OMR 1.7 billion; Fund investments in approved projects around OMR 640 million; foreign investment attracted estimated OMR 743 million; 986 applications received. AR 2025 highlights also cite 147 projects approved and OMR 316.1 million total contributions in the Key Highlights framing — keep figures attached to their source lines.

Where should researchers correct UAO Registry errors about OIA?

Send corrections to info@universalassetowners.com. Prefer primaries on https://www.oia.gov.om/ (Annual Reports, Leadership, Media Library, ESG/Risk/Exclusion PDFs), https://www.fm.gov.om/ for Ministry of Finance result releases, and https://www.ifswf.org/assessment/oia-2025 for the Santiago self-assessment. Currency discipline: headline OMR with as-of dates; cite OIA-published USD only with source and date. Keep Instantiations CIO empty. Soft names: OIA, Oman Investment Authority, جهاز الاستثمار العُماني.

Sources & further reading

• Primary: https://www.oia.gov.om/ (About, Leadership, Media Library, governance PDFs)
• Primary: OIA Annual Report 2025 EN; Annual Report 2024 EN
• Primary: https://www.fm.gov.om/en/46037/ (19 May 2026)
• Primary: https://www.ifswf.org/assessment/oia-2025
• Primary: Royal Decrees 61/2020 and 62/2020 PDFs
• Primary-adjacent: OIA Press Office PR Newswire releases (attribute to OIA)
• Limited secondary: Oman Observer OMR 20.425 bn YE2024 briefing coverage (label secondary)

Completeness note

This elite profile targets ~10k+ sourced words folded from opened OIA Annual Reports, IFSWF Santiago assessment, Ministry of Finance results, Royal Decrees, and ESG/risk PDFs. Non-blocking expansions: full Arabic AR tables, board committee charters if published as text, Future Fund Oman project-level register, and an official VideoObject if OIA publishes a durable strategy embed.